What does an access control list (ACL) do?

An access control list (ACL) serves as a crucial component in network security by establishing a set of rules that determines who is allowed to access specific resources within a network. These resources can include files, directories, applications, or even entire systems. The rules within an ACL specify permissions for different users or groups, enabling system administrators to manage risks effectively by controlling access based on user roles, security levels, or specific conditions.

For example, an ACL can restrict access to sensitive financial records to only authorized personnel, preventing unauthorized users from viewing or manipulating data. This mechanism is essential for protecting sensitive information and maintaining compliance with various regulations governing data privacy and security. By clearly defining access permissions, ACLs help ensure that users only have access to the resources necessary for their roles, thereby minimizing the potential for data breaches and enhancing overall network security.