Which scenario illustrates the concept of an Access Control List (ACL)?

The scenario where a user is restricted from a resource despite being authenticated effectively illustrates the concept of an Access Control List (ACL). An ACL is a set of rules that determines which users or systems have permission to access specific resources and what operations they can perform on those resources.

In this case, the user is authenticated, meaning they have successfully logged in and their identity has been verified. However, the ACL is enforcing specific permissions that restrict access to certain resources based on defined criteria. This separation between authentication (verifying identity) and authorization (determining what resource access is allowed) is central to effective access control practices in cybersecurity.

This scenario emphasizes that access is not solely dependent on the user's identity but rather on the permissions assigned to that identity within the ACL. It highlights the importance of managing who can do what within a system, adhering to the principle of least privilege, which enhances overall security by minimizing potential exposure to sensitive resources.